django中settings配置文件设置(脚本使用django中的部分组件)

如何运行一些独立于整个Django项目的脚本, 只使用Django的部分组件

1 Set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE before you run， 设置DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE

设置环境变量 (Unix-based systems vs windows)

The simplest method is to simply assign a value to the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable before you run your script, and that’s not terribly hard to do if you understand a little bit about how environment variables work. On most Unix-based systems (including Linux and Mac OS X), you can typically do this with the export command of the standard shell:

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=yoursite.settings

应用在crontab 定时任务脚本

# Cron jobs for foo.com run at 3AM

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=foo.settings

0 3 * * * python /path/to/maintenance/script.py
30 3 * * * python /path/to/other/script.py

# Cron jobs for bar.com run at 4AM

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=bar.settings

0 4 * * * python /path/to/maintenance/script.py
30 4 * * * python /path/to/other/script.py

2 使用 setup_environ()

from django.core.management import setup_environ
from mysite import settings

setup_environ(settings)

3 Use settings.configure()

from django.conf import settings

settings.configure(TEMPLATE_DIRS=('/path/to/template_dir',), DEBUG=False,
                   TEMPLATE_DEBUG=False)

# django.conf.settings is always an instance of LazySettings, which is used to ensure that settings aren’t accessed until they’re actually needed

4 命令行指定

import os
from optparse import OptionParser

usage = "usage: %prog -s SETTINGS | --settings=SETTINGS"
parser = OptionParser(usage)
parser.add_option('-s', '--settings', dest='settings', metavar='SETTINGS',
                  help="The Django settings module to use")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if not options.settings:
    parser.error("You must specify a settings module")

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = options.settings

# python myscript.py --settings=yoursite.settings

more–standalone script that uses Django